Dyslexia
One of the most common forms of learning disabilities. Unfortunately, it is often confused with other learning disorders. Its signs and symptoms appear as early as preschool age:

• Clumsy during physical games

• Begins speaking late

• Often doesn't understand what others are trying to say, so frequently asks for clarification

• Speaks in a monotonous tone

• Uses few words, has a limited vocabulary

• Has difficulty learning short poems or rhymes, and if learned, forgets them quickly

• Has difficulty following both oral and written instructions

• Struggles to distinguish sounds and/or similar words

• Does not understand what they are reading

• Cannot learn to read

• Reads letter by letter or syllable by syllable

• Has difficulty learning foreign languages

• Repeats words incorrectly after hearing them, with a high error rate, both meaningful and meaningless words

Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia, or difficulty with math, can make life harder for many young children and adults without proper support. Improperly addressed speech disorders can contribute not only to the development of dyslexia but also dyscalculia. The following warning signs should be watched for:

• Has difficulty orienting themselves in space or on a flat surface

• Clumsy in movement

• Cannot consistently distinguish between left and right

• Is not interested in numbers, money, or shopping, even in a playful context

• Cannot group items by quantity, does not understand the concepts of more/less or bigger/smaller

• Cannot name their body parts

• Mixes up colors

• Cannot list the months, days, or seasons

• Puzzle and/or memory games are not their favorites

• Cannot write or recognize numbers

• Always uses their fingers for counting

Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia is just as common a learning disability as dyslexia and dyscalculia. It does not necessarily correlate with other learning disabilities. A child with dysgraphia can be an excellent reader, but the origin of the problem often overlaps with that of dyslexia. Early signs may include:

• Reluctant to use utensils, clumsy when using them

• Holds writing tools, such as pencils, incorrectly

• Cannot use scissors properly or only if they turn their bent arm

• Writes letters and/or numbers backwards

• Does not segment sentences correctly

• Copies words or sentences incorrectly

• Does not use punctuation marks

• Cannot write on lined paper

Dyspraxia

• Underdeveloped body schema and body awareness: Cannot name or point to their body parts on themselves and/or others

• Difficulty with dressing, buttoning, zipping, tying shoes, and tying knots

• Cannot imitate others' movements

• Underdeveloped dominance

• Mixed hand-foot-eye-ear dominance

• Clumsy, difficult movement coordination

• Often bumps into things or people

• Confuses right-left and spatial directions

• Cannot orient themselves even in familiar surroundings

• Underdeveloped fine motor skills: Struggles with picking up small objects with two fingers, cannot use scissors properly

• Does not enjoy physical games

• Cannot swing or use stairs with alternating feet

Speech Disorders

• Starts speaking later, may speak in short sentences right away

• Does not speak at all by the age of 3-4

• Uses only the first letter of words

• Has a speech impediment

• Limited vocabulary

• Incorrect verb conjugation

• Consistently mispronounces certain words

• Mixes up letters within words

• Speech is unintelligible

• Cannot repeat short sentences or words verbally